Solongasuniversalcataclysmswereinvogue,andalllifeupontheearthwasthoughttohavebeensuddenlydestroyedandrenewedmanytimesinsuccession, , andformerly,webelieve, byDOrbigny, thatirrespectivelyofgeneralandsuddencatastrophes, oranyknownadequatephysicalcause, therehasbeenatotaldepopulationatthecloseofeachgeologicalperiodorformation,sayfortyorfiftytimesormore, followedbyasmanyindependentgreatactsofcreation, atwhichalonehavespeciesbeenoriginated, andateachofwhichavegetableandananimalkingdomwereproducedentireandcomplete, full-fledged, asflourishing, aswide-spread, andpopulous, asvariedandmutuallyadaptedfromthebeginningaseverafterward—suchaview, ofcourse, supersedesallmaterialconnectionbetweensuccessivespecies, , , ifwerightlygatherit, manifestlyis, thatthereplacementofthespeciesofsuccessiveformationswasnotcompleteandsimultaneous, butpartialandsuccessive; andthatalongthecourseofeachepochsomespeciesprobablywereintroduced,andsome, doubtless, , thisiscertainlytrueofit: iftotwoormoreepochs, thenthehypothesisofatotalchangeisnottrueofthem.
