Thecheckuponthisfreeplayofself-assertion,ornaturalliberty, whichisthenecessaryconditionfortheoriginofhumansociety, ,, sostronglydevelopedinman, toreproduceinhimselfactionsandfeelingssimilarto, orcorrelatedwith, ; nonebuthimselfcandrawormodel; nonecomesnearhiminthescope, variety, andexactnessofvocalimitation; noneissuchamasterofgesture; , wetakethehueofpassionofthosewhoareaboutus, or, itmaybe, "puttingone'sselfintheplace" ofajoyfulorasufferingpersonthatthestateofmindwecallsympathyusuallyarises;[3]indeed, itisoftencontrarytoone'ssenseofright, andinspiteofone'swill, that "fellow-feelingmakesuswondrouskind," , inacool, intellectualview, ofthetraditionalsage, ,Idoubtifthephilosopherlives, oreverhaslivedwhocouldknowhimselftobeheartilydespisedby, , thoughonecannotjustifyHamanforwishingtohangMordecaionsuchaveryhighgibbet, yet, really, theconsciousnessoftheVizierofAhasuerus, ashewentinandoutofthegate,thatthisobscureJewhadnorespectforhim, musthavebeenveryannoying.[4]
Itisneedfulonlytolookaroundus, toseethatthegreatestrestraineroftheanti-socialtendenciesofmenisfear, notofthelaw, , moral, andreligiousbonds; and,whilepeopleenduretheextremityofphysicalpainratherthanpartwithlife, shamedrivestheweakesttosuicide.
Everyforwardstepofsocialprogressbringsmenintocloserrelationswiththeirfellows, , andwejudgeourownactsbythesympathiesofothers, everydayandalldaylong, fromchildhoodupwards, untilassociations, asindissolubleasthoseoflanguage, , orotherswithoutapprobationoftheactor, whetherhebeone'sself, , the "manwithin," asAdamSmith[5]callsconscience, , chargedtorestraintheanti-socialtendenciesofthenaturalmanwithinthelimitsrequiredbysocialwelfare.
[1] CollectedEssays, volv., Prologue, pp.50-54, v.,'Prologue,'pp.45etseq.
[2] ' Lecture, note7.
[3] AdamSmithmakesthepithyobservationthatthemanwhosympathiseswithawomaninchildbed, cannotbesaidtoputhimselfinherplace.('TheTheoryoftheMoralSentiments,' .i.) Perhapsthereismorehumourthanforceintheexample; and, inspiteofthisandotherobservationsofthesametenor, Ithinkthattheonedefectoftheremarkableworkinwhichitoccursisthatitlaystoomuchstressonconscioussubstitution, toolittleonpurelyreflexsympathy
[4] Estherv.9-13.'...butwhenHamansawMordecaiintheking'sgate, thathestoodnotup, normovedforhim, hewasfullofindignationagainstMordecai....AndHamantoldthemofthegloryofhisriches...andallthethingswhereinthekinghadpromotedhim...Yetallthisavailethmenothing, solongasIseeMordecaitheJewsittingattheking'sgate.' Whatashrewdexposureofhumanweaknessitis!
[5] 'TheoryoftheMoralSentiments,'
