Theoriesoftheuniverse, inwhichtheconceptionofevolutionplaysaleadingpart, , inthefifthcentury, , nolessthantothoseofIonia, thesalientandcharacteristicfeatureofthephenomenalworldwasitschangefulness; theunrestingflowofallthings,throughbirthtovisiblebeingandthencetonotbeing,; thatitisnoaccidentalaccompaniment, "strifeisfatherandking;" buttheoldAryanspiritwassubduedtoquietismintheIndiansage; themistofsufferingwhichspreadoverhumanityhideverythingelsefromhisview; tohimlifewasonewithsufferingandsufferingwithlife.
InHindostan, asinIonia, ,and, closeattheirheels, , whichneverends, thoughitmaybealleviatedandpartiallydisguisedforafortunatefew, succeededthestruggletomakeexistenceintelligibleandtobringtheorderofthingsintoharmonywiththemoralsenseofman,whichalsoneverends, but, forthethinkingfew,becomeskeenerwitheveryincreaseofknowledgeandwitheverysteptowardstherealizationofaworthyidealoflife.
