Formuchofthe20thcentury,,? Thereasonis,Ibelieve,thatthequestionofhowwhatwelearninonesituationeffectsourcapabilitiesforhandlingnovelsituationsis,asLave (1988) rightlypointedout,,,wewouldnotonlyask “whatislearned?” and “whatistransferred?”, butalso “whatshouldbelearned?” and “whatshouldbetransferred?” wewouldthenaskhowwecanpossiblyincreasethelikelihoodoflearnershandlingnovel,'s (1999) (now) howtolearn (inthefuture),learnerswillbebetterabletocopewithnovelsituations.
GenerativeLearning
,thefundamentallyfascinatingquestion,bothfromthepointofbasicresearchonlearningandfromthepointofschooling,,suchaneffectcouldbecalledtransfer:onelearnssomethinginsomesituations,'s (2002) conclusionfromthefirstNationalScienceFoundationTransferConferencethatgenerativityshouldbeamaintopicforfutureresearchontransfer.
? ,discern,,theirperceptionsmaybethesame,,,achessboardisperceiveddifferentlybyamasterchessplayerthanbyanovice (deGroot,1965).Similarly,physicsproblemslookdifferenttophysiciststhantophysicsstudents (Chi,Feltovich ＆ Glaser,1981).Evencarslookdifferenttomoreandlesssuccessfulengineers (Sandberg,1994).Differencesinmoreandlesspowerfulwaysofhandlingsimplearithmetictasksoriginatefromdifferencesinhowthetasksareperceivedandunderstood (Neuman,1987).Differencesinhowgooduniversitystudentsareatwritingessaysarecloselylinkedtohowtheyviewthetaskofwritinganessay (Hounsell,2005).Differencesincomprehendingtextareintimatelyrelatedtodifferencesinhowthesamereadingtaskappearstodifferentreaders (Marton ＆ Slj?,2005).
