KnowledgeandVirtue
?约翰·亨利·纽曼 / JohnHenryNewman
Knowledgeisonething, virtueisanother; goodsenseisnotconscience, refinementisnothumility, , howeverenlightened, howeverprofound, givesnocommandoverthepassions, noinfluentialmotives, , nottheCatholic, , itiswelltohaveacultivatedintellect, adelicatetaste, acandid, equitable, dispassionatemind, anobleandcourteousbearingintheconductoflife—thesearetheconnaturalqualitiesofalargeknowledge; theyaretheobjectsofaUniversity; Iamadvocating, Ishallillustrateandinsistuponthem; butstill, Irepeat, theyarenoguaranteeforsanctityorevenforconscientiousness, theymayattachtothemanoftheworld, totheprofligate, totheheartless, pleasant, alas, andattractiveasheshowswhendecked, , theydobutseemtobewhattheyarenot; theylooklikevirtueatadistance, buttheyaredetectedbycloseobservers, andonthelongrun; andhenceitisthattheyarepopularlyaccusedofpretenseandhypocrisy, not, Irepeat, fromtheirownfault, butbecausetheirprofessorsandtheiradmirerspersistintakingthemforwhattheyarenot, , ormoorthevesselwithathreadofsilk, thenmayyouhopewithsuchkeenanddelicateinstrumentsashumanknowledgeandhumanreasontocontendagainstthosegiants, thepassionandtheprideofman.
知识是一回事,美德则是另外一回事。好意不是良心,优雅不是谦让,广博与公正的观点也不是信仰。无论多么富有启迪或高深莫测的哲学,都无法左右感情,都不具备有影响力的动机,都不具有导致生动活泼的原理。文科教育并非为了造就基督教徒或者天主教徒,而是为了造就绅士。造就一个绅士是件美好的事,有教养的才智,优雅的情趣,正直、公正而冷静的头脑,高贵而彬彬有礼的举止——这些是与渊博的学识与生俱来的品质,也正是大学教育的目的。我倡导它们,并加以阐释和坚持。不过我要说的是,它们仍然不能确保圣洁,甚或不能保证诚实。